發布日期：2022-07-14 點擊率：59
過程工業安全儀表系統的功能安全(Functional safty—Safety instrmented systems for the process industry sector)
IEC 61511-1過程工業安全儀表系統的功能安全-第1部分：框架、定義、系統、硬件和軟件要求
IEC 61511-2過程工業安全儀表系統的功能安全-第2部分：IEC 61511的應用指南
IEC 61511-3過程工業安全儀表系統的功能安全-第3部分：確定要求的安全完整性等級的指南
說明：以下術語摘錄自IEC61511標準和相關的標準翻譯稿，其中有一些術語在前面出現過，但表述略有不同，差別反映了過程控制領域的習慣與特殊性。
結構 architecture
Arrangement of hardware and/or software elements in a system, for example
(1) arrangement of safety instrumented system (SIS) subsystems
(2) internal structure of an SIS subsystem
(3) arrangement of software programs
系統中硬件和/或軟件元素的安排，如：
（1）安全儀表系統（SIS）子系統的安排；
（2）SIS子系統的內部結構；
（3）軟件程序的安排。
資產保護 asset protection
Function allocated to system design for the purpose of preventing loss to assets
為防止資產損失分配給系統設計的功能。
基本過程控制系統（BPCS） basic process control system（BPCS）
System which responds to input signals form the process, its associated equipment, other programmable systems and/or an operator and generates output signals causing the process and its associated equipment to operate in the desired manner but which does not perform any safety instrumented functions with a claimed SIL≥1
對來自過程的、系統相關設備的、其他可編程系統的和/或某個操作員的輸入信號進行響應，并產生使過程和系統相關設備按要求方式運行的系統，但它并不執行任何具有被聲明的SIL≥1的儀表安全功能。
通道 channel
element or group of elements that independently perform(s) a function
獨立執行一個功能的一個或一組元素。
編碼 coding
共同原因失效 common cause failure
failure, which is the result of one or more events, causing failures of two or more separate channels in a multiple channel system, leading to system failure
由一個或多個事件引起一個多通道系統中的兩個或多個分離通道失效，從而導致系統失效的一種失效。
共同模式失效 common mode failure
failure of two or more channels in the same way, causing the same erroneous result
兩個或多個通道以同樣的方式引起相同的誤差結果的失效。
部件 component
one of the parts of a system, subsystem, or device performing a specific function
執行某一特定功能的系統、子系統或裝置的一個組成部分。
配置 configuration
配置管理 configuration management
discipline of identifying the components of an evolving (hardware and software) system for the purpose of controlling changes to those components and maintaining continuity and traceability throughout the life cycle
為了在生命周期全過程中控制組件的變化（硬件和軟件）和保持連續性和可追溯性，對進化系統（硬件和軟件）中組件的識別規則。
控制系統 control system
system which responds to input signals from the process and/or from an operator and generates output signals causing the process to operate in the desired manner
對來自過程和/或操作員的輸入信號進行響應，并產生使過程按要求方式運行的輸出信號的系統。
危險失效 dangerous failure
failure which has the potential to put the safety instrumented system in a hazardous or fail-to-function state
可能使安全儀表系統潛在地處于某種危險或功能喪失狀態的失效。
相關失效 dependent failure
failure whose probability cannot be expressed as the simple product of the unconditional probabilities of the individual events which caused it
其概率不能表示為引起失效的獨立事件的無條件概率的簡單乘積的失效。
檢測到的 detected
揭露的 revealed
明顯的 overt
in relation to hardware failures and software faults, detected by the diagnostic tests or through normal operation
在與硬件失效和軟件故障有關時，通過診斷測試或正常操作發現的。
裝置 device
functional unit of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purpose
能實現某個規定目的的硬件或軟件或者二者結合的功能單元
診斷覆蓋率（DC） diagnostic coverage (DC)
ratio of the detected failure rate to the total failure rate of the component or subsystem as detected by diagnostic tests. Diagnostic coverage does not include any faults detected by proof tests.
診斷測試檢測到的部件或子系統的失效率與總失效率之比。診斷覆蓋率不包含由檢驗測試檢測到的任何故障。
多樣性 diversity
existence of different means performing a required function
執行一個要求功能存在不同方法。
電氣/電子/可編程電子（E/E/PE）
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
based on electrical (E) and/or electronic (E) and/or programmable electronic (PE) technology
基于電氣（E）和/或電子（E）和/或可編程電子（PE）技術。
誤差 error
discrepancy between a computed, observed or measured value or condition and the true, specified or theoretically correct value or condition
計算出的、觀測到的和測量到的值或條件，和真實的、規定的或理論上正確的值或條件之間的差異。
外部風險降低設施 external risk reduction facilities
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measures to reduce or mitigate the risks, which are separate and distinct from the SIS
與SIS分離且性質不同的降低或減少風險的措施。
失效 failure
termination of the ability of a functional unit to perform a required function
功能單元執行一個要求功能的能力的終止。
故障 fault
abnormal condition that may cause a reduction in, or loss of, the capability of a functional unit to perform a required function
可能引起功能單元執行要求功能的能力降低或喪失的異常狀況。
故障避免 fault avoidance
use of techniques and procedures which aim to avoid the introduction of faults during any phase of the safety life cycle of the safety instrum ented system
在安全儀表系統安全生命周期的任何階段中為避免引入故障而使用的技術和程序。
故障裕度 fault tolerance
ability of a functional unit to continue to perform a required function in the presence of faults or errors
在出現故障或誤差的情況下，功能單元繼續執行要求功能的能力。
最終元件 final element
part of a safety instrumented system which implements the physical action necessary to achieve a safe state
執行實現某種安全狀態所必需的實際動作的安全儀表系統的組成部分。
功能安全 functional safety
part of the overall safety relating to the process and the BPCS which depends on the correct functioning of the SIS and other protection layers
與過程和BPCS有關的整體安全的組成部分，它取決于SIS和其他保護層的正確功能執行。
功能安全評估 functional safety assessment
investigation, based on evidence, to judge the functional safety achieved by one or more protection layers
基于證據的調查，以判定由一個或多個保護層所實現的功能安全。
功能安全審核 functional safety audit
systematic and independent examination to determine whether the procedures specific to the functional safety requirements comply with the planned arrangements, are implemented effectively and are suitable to achieve the specified objectives
對于按計劃安排的功能安全要求專用的規范是否有效地執行并滿意地達到規定目的進行系統地、獨立的檢查。
功能單元 functional unit
entity of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purpose
能夠完成規定目的的軟件、硬件或兩者相結合的實體。
硬件安全完整性 hardware safety integrity
part of the safety integrity of the safety instrumented function relating to random hardware failures in a dangerous mode of failure
在危險失效模式中，與硬件隨機失效有關的儀表安全功能的安全完整性的一部分。
傷害 harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people, either directly or indirectly, as a result of damage to property or to the environment
由財產或環境的破壞而直接或間接導致的人身傷害或人體健康的損害。
危險 hazard
potential source of harm
傷害的潛在根源。
人為誤差 human error
失誤 mistake
human action or inaction that produces an unintended result
引發非期望結果的人的動作或不動作。
影響分析 impact analysis
activity of determining the effect that a change to a function or component will have to other functions or components in that system as well as to other systems
確定一個系統中的一個功能或部件的改變，對該系統和其他系統中其他功能
或部件影響的活動。
獨立部門 independent department
department which is separate and distinct form the departments responsible for the activities which take place during the specific phase of the safety life cycle that is subject to the functional safety assessment or validation
在進行安全評估或確認的安全生命周期的特定階段中，同負責所發生活動的部門分開且不同的部門。
獨立組織 independent organization
organization which is separate and distinct, by management and other resources, from the organizations responsible for the activities which take place during the specific phase of the safety life cycle that is subject to the functional safety assessment or validation
在進行安全評估或確認的安全生命周期的特定階段中，通過管理和其他資源同負責所發生活動的組織分開且不同的組織。
獨立人員 independent person
person who is separate and distinct from the activities which take place during the specific phase of the safety life cycle that is subject to the functional safety assessment or validation and does not have direct responsibility for those activities
在進行安全評估或確認的安全生命周期的特定階段中，同所發生活動分開且不同的人員，這些人員并不直接負責那些活動。
輸入功能 input function
function which monitors the process and its associated equipment in order to provide input information for the logic solver
為了給邏輯解算器提供輸入信息，監視過程及其相關設備的功能。
儀表 instrument
apparatus used in performing an action (typically found in instrumented systems)
在執行某個動作中使用的儀器（典型的可見儀表系統）。
邏輯功能 logic function
function which performs the transformations between input information (provided by one or more input functions) and output information (used by one or more output functions) ; logic functions provide the transformation from one or more input functions to one or more output functions
在輸入信息（由一個或幾個輸入功能提供）和輸出信息（由一個或幾個輸出功能使用）之間執行變換的功能；邏輯功能提供從一個或幾個輸入功能到一個或幾個輸出功能的轉換。
邏輯解算器 logic solver
that portion of either a BPCS or SIS that performs one or more logic function(s)
既可以是一個BPCS的一部分，也可以是SIS的一部分，它執行一個或幾個邏輯功能。
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安全配置的邏輯解算器 safety configured logic solver
general purpose industrial grade PE logic solver which is specifically configured for use in safety applications in
accordance with 11.5
根據11.5為在安全應用中使用專門配置的工業級通用型PE邏輯解算器。
維護/工程接口 maintenance/engineering interface
maintenance/engineering interface is that hardware and software provided to allow proper SIS maintenance or modification. It can include instructions and diagnostics which may be found in software, programming terminals with appropriate communication protocols, diagnostic tools, indicators, bypass devices, test devices, and calibration devices
為能正確維護或修改SIS所提供的硬件和軟件。包括：在軟件中可能含有的指令和診斷程序、具有適當通信協議的編程終端、診斷工具、指示器、旁路裝置、試驗裝置和校正裝置。
減輕 mitigation
action that reduces the consequence(s) of a hazardous event
減小危險事件后果的動作。
操作模式 mode of operation
way in which a safety instrumented function operates
儀表安全功能運行方式。
要求模式下的儀表安全功能? demand mode safety instrumented function
where a specified action (for example, closing of a valve) is taken in response to process conditions or other demands. In the event of a dangerous failure of the safety instrumented function a potential hazard only occurs in the event of a failure in the process or the BPCS
響應過程條件或其他要求而采取一個規定動作（如關閉一個閥門）的場合。在儀表安全功能的危險失效事件中，僅當發生過程或BPCS的失效事件時，才發生潛在危險。
連續模式下的儀表安全功能? continuous mode safety instrumented function
where in the event of a dangerous failure of the safety instrumented function a potential hazard will occur without further failure unless action is taken to prevent it
在儀表安全功能的危險失效事件中，如果不采取預防動作，即使沒有進一步的失效，潛在危險也會發生。
模塊 module
self-contained assembly of hardware components that performs a specific hardware function (i.e., digital input module, analogue output module), or reusable application program (can be internal to a program or a set of programs) that support a specific function, for example, portion of a computer program that carries out a specific function
執行某個特定硬件功能的硬件部件的自含式組件（即數字輸入模塊、模擬輸出模塊），或支持某一特定功能的可重用應用程序（可能是一個或一組內固程序）。如執行特定功能的計算機程序的一部分。
從N中取M MooN
safety instrumented system, or part thereof, made up of “N” independent channels, which are so connected, that “M” channels are suffic
ient to perform the safety instrumented function
“N”個獨立通道構成的安全儀表系統或其部分，它被連接成其中“M”個通道足以執行儀表安全功能。
必要的風險降低 necessary risk reduction
risk reduction required to ensure that the risk is reduced to a tolerable level
為保證把風險降低到允許水平所需的風險降低。
非可編程（NP）系統 non-programmable(NP) system
system based on non-computer technologies (i.e., a system not based on programmable electronics [PE] or software)
基于非計算機技術的系統（即不基于可編程電子[PE]或軟件的系統）。
操作員接口 operator interface
means by which information is communicated between a human operator(s) and the SIS (for example, CRTs, indicating lights, push-buttons, horns, alarms); the operator interface is sometimes referred to as the human-machine interface (HMI)
在操作人員和SIS之間進行信息交換的手段（如陰極射線管CRT、指示燈、按鈕、操縱桿、報警器）；操作員接口有時又叫人機接口（HMI）。
其他技術安全相關系統 other technology safety related system
safety related systems that are based on a technology other than electrical, electronic, or programmable electronic
不基于電氣、電子或可編程電子技術的安全相關系統。
輸出功能 output function
function which controls the process and its associated equipment according to final actuator information from the logic function
根據來自邏輯功能的終端執行機構的信息，控制過程及其相關設備的功能。
階段 phase
period within the safety life cycle where activities described in this standard take place
發生IEC61511中描述活動的安全生命周期中的某個時段。
預防 prevention
action that reduces the frequency of occurrence of a hazardous event
降低危險事件發生頻率的動作。
以往使用 prior use
過程風險 process risk
risk arising from the process conditions caused by abnormal events (include BPCS malfunction)
因異常事件（包括BPCS功能失常）引起過程條件產生的風險。
可編程電子（PE） programmable electronics
electronic component or device forming part of a PES and based on computer technology. The term encompasses both hardware and software and input and out units
基于計算機技術構成PES一部分的電子部件或裝置。本術語包括硬件和軟件及輸入和輸出單元。
可編程電子系統（PES）? programmable electronic system (PES)
system for control, protection or monitoring based on one or more programmable electronic devices, including all elements of the system such as power supplies, sen
sors and other input devices, data highways and other communication paths, actuators and other output devices
基于一個或多個可編程電子裝置的，用于控制、防護或監視的系統，包括系統中所有的元素，如電源、傳感器和其他輸入裝置、數據高速公路和其他通信途徑、以及執行器和其他輸出裝置。
編程 programming
process of designing, writing and testing a set of instructions for solving a problem or processing data
為解決問題或處理數據而設計、編寫和測試一組指令的過程。
檢驗測試 proof test
test performed to reveal undetected faults in a safety instrumented system so that, if necessary, the system can be restored to its designed functionality
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為揭露安全儀表系統中未檢測到的故障而執行的測試，以便在必要時把系統修復到所設計的功能。
保護層 protection layer
any independent mechanism that reduces risk by control, prevention or mitigation
借助控制、預防或減輕以降低風險的任何獨立機制。
經使用驗證的 proven-in-use
when a documented assessment has shown that there is appropriate evidence, based on the previous use of the component, that the component is suitable for use in a safety instrumented system
當文檔化的評估顯示有適當證據表明：基于部件以往使用的情況，該部件適用于安全儀表系統時。
質量 quality
totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs
一個實體滿足指明的和隱含需要的性能總和。
硬件隨機失效 random hardware failure
failure, occurring at a random time, which results from a variety of degradation mechanisms in the hardware
在硬件中，由各種退化機制引起，以隨機時間發生的失效。
冗余 redundancy
use of multiple elements or systems to perform the same function; redundancy can be implemented by identical elements (identical redundancy) or by diverse elements (diverse redundancy)
使用多個元素或系統來執行同一種功能；冗余可以使用同種元素實現（同型冗余），或使用不同元素實現（異型冗余）。
風險 risk
combination of the frequency of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
出現傷害的概率及該傷害嚴重性的組合。
安全失效 safe failure
failure which does not have the potential to put the safety instrumented system in a hazardous or fail-to-function state
不會使安全儀表系統處于潛在的危險狀態或功能故障狀態的失效。
安全失效分數 safe failure fraction
fraction of the overall random hardware failure rate of a device that results in either a safe failure or a detected dangerous failure
導致安全失效或者可檢測出的危險失效的裝置總硬件隨機失效
率分數。
安全狀態 safe state
state of the process when safety is achieved
達到安全時的過程狀態。
安全 safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
不存在不可接受的風險。
安全功能 safety function
function to be implemented by an SIS, other technology safety related system or external risk, reduction facilities, which is intended to achieve or maintain a safe state for the process, with respect to a specific hazardous event
針對特定的危險事件，為達到或保持過程的安全狀態，由SIS、其他技術安全相關系統或外部風險降低設施實現的功能。
儀表安全控制功能 safety instrumented control function
safety instrumented function with a specified SIL operating in continuous mode which is necessary to prevent a hazardous condition from arising and/or to mitigate its consequences
具有某個規定的SIL并運行在連續模式下，以防止發生危險工況和/或減輕其后果所必需的儀表安全功能。
儀表安全控制系統 safety instrumented control system
instrumented system used to implement one or more safety instrumented control functions
用來實現一個或幾個儀表安全控制功能的儀表系統。
儀表安全功能(SIF) safety instrumented function
safety function with a specified safety integrity level which is necessary to achieve functional safety and which can be either a safety instrumented protection function or a safety instrumented control function
具有某個特定SIL的，用以達到功能安全的安全功能，它既可以是一個儀表安全保護功能，也可以是一個儀表安全控制功能。
安全儀表系統(SIS) safety instrumented system
instrumented system used to implement one or more safety instrumented functions. An SIS is composed of any combination of sensor(s), logic solver(s), and final elements(s)
用來實現一個或幾個儀表安全功能的儀表系統。SIS可以由傳感器、邏輯解算器和最終元件的任何組合組成。
安全完整性? safety integrity
average probability of a safety instrumented system satisfactorily performing the required safety instrumented functions under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time
安全儀表系統在規定時段內、在所有規定條件下滿意執行要求的儀表安全功能的平均概率。
安全完整性等級(SIL) safety integrity level(SIL)
discrete level (one out of four) for specifying the safety integrity requirements of the safety instrumented functions to be allocated to the safety instrumented systems. Safety integrity level 4 has the highest level of safety integr
ity; safety integrity level 1 has the lowest
用來規定分配給安全儀表系統的儀表安全功能的安全完整性要求的離散等級（4個等級中的一個）。SIL 4是安全完整性的最高等級，SIL 1為最低等級。
安全完整性要求規范? safety integrity requirements specification
specification that contains the safety integrity requirements of the safety instrumented functions that have to be performed by the safety instrumented system(s)
包含了安全儀表系統應執行的儀表安全功能的安全完整性要求的規范。
安全生命周期 safety life cycle
necessary activities involved in the implementation of safety instrumented function(s) occurring during a period of time that starts at the concept phase of a project and finishes when all of the safety instrumented functions are no longer available for use
從項目概念階段開始到所有的儀表安全功能不再適用時為止所發生的、包含在儀表安全功能實現中的必要活動。
安全手冊 safety manual
manual which defines how the device, subsystem or system can be safely applied
定義如何安全使用裝置、子系統或系統的手冊。
安全要求規范 safety requirements specification
specification that contains all the requirements of the safety instrumented functions that have to be performed by the safety instrumented systems
包含安全儀表系統應執行的儀表安全功能的所有要求的規范。
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安全軟件 safety software
software in a safety instrumented system with application, embedded or utility software functionality
在安全儀表系統中具有應用軟件功能性、嵌入式軟件功能性或工具軟件功能性的軟件。
傳感器 sensor
device or combination of devices, which measure the process condition (for example, transmitters, transducers, process switches, position switches)
測量過程條件的裝置或裝置組合（如：變送器、傳感器、過程開關和定位開關）。
軟件 software
intellectual creation comprising the programs, procedures, data, rules and any associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a data processing system
包括程序、進程、數據、規則和關于數據處理系統操作的相關文檔的智能創作。
固定程序語言（FPL） fixed program language
in this type of language, the user is limited to adjustment of a few parameters (for example, range of the pressure transmitter, alarm levels, network addresses)
限定用戶只能調整幾個參數（如壓力變送器的量程、報警等級和網絡地址）的語言類型。
有限可變語言（LVL） limited variability language
this type of language is designed to be comprehensible to process sector users, and
provides the capability to combine predefined, application specific, library functions to implement the safety requirements specifications. An LVL provides a close functional correspondence with the functions required to achieve the application
被設計成過程領域用戶容易理解并可為實現安全要求規范提供組合預定的、應用專用的庫功能能力的一種語言類型。LVL可提供一種與達到應用所要求的功能幾乎一致的功能。
全可變語言(FVL) full variability language
this type of language is designed to be comprehensible to computer programmers and provides the capability to implement a wide variety of functions and applications
設計成計算機編程者易于理解，并可提供實現各種各樣功能和應用的能力的一種語言。
軟件程序類型 software program type
應用軟件 application software
software specific to the user application. In general, it contains logic sequences, permissives, limits and expressions that control the appropriate input, output, calculations, decisions necessary to meet the safety instrumented functional requirements. See fixed and limited variability language
用戶應用專用軟件。通常，它包含控制正確輸入、輸出、計算和決策的邏輯時序、允許值、極值和表達式，用以滿足儀表安全功能所必須的要求。參見固定程序語言和有限可變語言。
嵌入式軟件 embedded software
software that is part of the system supplied by the manufacturer and is not accessible for modification by the end-user. Embedded software is also referred to as firmware or system software
作為系統組成部分由制造商提供的軟件，最終用戶不能對其進行修改。嵌入式軟件又叫固件或系統軟件。
工具軟件 utility software
software tools for the creation, modification, and documentation of application programs. These software tools are not required for the operation of the SIS
用來創建、修改和編寫應用程序的軟件工具。操作SIS并不需要這些軟件工具。
軟件生命周期 software life cycle
activities occurring during a period of time that starts when software is conceived and ends when the software is permanently disused
從開始構思軟件到永久性停用軟件期間發生的活動。
子系統? subsystem
系統 system
set of elements, which interact according to a design; an element of a system can be another system, called a subsystem, which may be a controlling system or a controlled system and may include hardware, software and human interaction
根據設計相互聯系的一組元素；系統的一個元素可以是稱為子系統的另一系統，該子系統可以是一個主控系統，也
可以是一個受控系統，它可能包含硬件、軟件和人的交互作用。
系統失效 systematic failure
failure related in a deterministic way to a certain cause, which can only be eliminated by a modification of the design or of the design or of the manufacturing process, operational procedures, documentation or other relevant factors
與某種起因以確定性方式有關的失效，只有對設計或制造過程、操作規程、文檔或其他相關因素進行修改才能消除這種失效。
系統安全完整性 systematic safety integrity
that part of the safety integrity of safety instrumented function relating to systematic failures in a dangerous mode of failure
在失效的危險模式中與系統失效有關的儀表安全功能的安全完整性部分。
目標失效量 target failure measure
intended probability of dangerous mode failure to be achieved in respect of the safety integrity requirements, specified in terms of either the average probability of failure to perform the design function on demand (for a demand mode of operation) or the frequency of a dangerous failure to perform the SIF per hour (for a continuous mode of operation)
就安全完整性要求而言，應達到的預計危險模式失效概率，既可規定為要求時執行設計功能的平均失效概率（要求操作模式時），也可規定為每小時執行SIF的危險失效頻率（連續操作模式時）。
模板 template
軟件模板 software template
structured non-specific piece of application software that can be easily altered to support specific functions while retaining the original structure; for example, an interactive screen template controls the process flow of the application screens, but is not specific to the data being presented; a programmer may take the generic template and make function-specific revisions to produce a new screen for the users
保持原有結構的同時，易于改變以支持特定功能的結構化非專用應用軟件段；例如：交互界面模板控制應用界面的過程流，但并非專用于正呈現的數據。程序員可以采用通用模板，并做特定功能修改，從而為用戶生成一個新界面。
允許風險 tolerable risk
risk which is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society
根據當今社會的水準，在給定范圍內能夠接受的風險。
未檢測到的 undetected
未揭露出的 unrevealed
不明顯的 covert
in relation to hardware and software faults not found by the diagnostic tests or during normal operation
與硬件和軟件有關，未被診斷測試發現的或者在正常操作中未被發現的。
確認 validation
activity of demonstrating that the safety instrumented function(s) and safety in
strumented system(s) under consideration after installation meets in all respects the safety requirements specification
用以證明被考慮的儀表安全功能和安全儀表系統在安裝之后，在各方面都能滿足安全要求規范的活動。
驗證 verification
activity of demonstrating for each phase of the relevant safety life cycle by analysis and/or tests, that, for specific inputs, the outputs meet in all respects the objectives and requirements set for the specific phase
在相關安全生命周期的每個階段，通過分析和/或測試，證明對于特定的輸入，輸出應在各方面都能滿足為該特定階段所設置的目標和要求的活動。
看門狗 watchdog
combination of diagnostics and an output device (typically a switch) for monitoring the correct operation of the programmable electronic (PE) device and taking action upon detection of an incorrect operation
用來監視可編程電子（PE）裝置正確運行，并能在檢測到不正確運行時采取動作的診斷裝置和輸出裝置（典型如開關）的組合。
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